Quick answer: An ideal gas is a collection of tiny, randomly moving particles whose average kinetic energy is proportional to the kelvin temperature. This AP Physics 2 test on ideal gas law has 8 questions worth 20 marks, to do in 45 minutes: kinetic model, particles in a tank and temperature and speed. The mark scheme is on a separate page; free printable PDF.

This test covers kinetic theory, the ideal gas law and conduction for AP Physics 2. Show all working with units, use T in kelvin and take R = 8.31 J/(mol·K), k_B = 1.38 × 10⁻²³ J/K and N_A = 6.02 × 10²³ mol⁻¹. Some parts ask for a short explanation in complete sentences.
Level: AP Physics 2 (algebra-based) · Curriculum: AP P2 Unit 9
Question 1 Kinetic model (2 marks)
- State two assumptions of the ideal gas model. (1 mark)
- Explain how particle collisions produce the pressure on a wall. (1 mark)
Question 2 Particles in a tank (3 marks)
A 4.0 L tank holds an ideal gas at 1.5 × 10⁵ Pa and 300 K.- Calculate the amount of gas in moles. (2 marks)
- Calculate the number of molecules. (1 mark)
Question 3 Temperature and speed (2 marks)
A gas is heated from 27 °C to 327 °C.- Calculate the ratio of the new average kinetic energy to the old. (1 mark)
- Calculate the ratio of the new vrms to the old. (1 mark)
Question 4 A pressure graph (3 marks)
- Explain why the line passes through the origin. (1 mark)
- Calculate the gradient in Pa/K. (1 mark)
- Use the gradient to find the amount of gas. (1 mark)
Question 5 A cool box lid (3 marks)
- Calculate the heat flow rate through the lid. (2 marks)
- State the effect on the rate of doubling the lid thickness. (1 mark)
Question 6 Metal and wood (3 marks)
Two door handles, one of steel and one of wood, are both at 15 °C. Your hand is at 33 °C.- Explain why the steel handle feels colder. (2 marks)
- State which material has the larger thermal conductivity. (1 mark)
Question 7 Faulty reasoning (2 marks)
A student states that when a gas is heated from 20 °C to 40 °C its vrms doubles because 40 is twice 20.- Explain the error. (1 mark)
- Calculate the true ratio of the speeds. (1 mark)
Question 8 Compressing air (2 marks)
A sealed syringe of air is slowly compressed to half its volume. The temperature stays constant.- State the new pressure in terms of the old. (1 mark)
- Explain this result in terms of collisions with the walls. (1 mark)

